Pre-Darcy Water Flow Mechanisms

The following possible mechanisms, giving rise to a lower bound to Darcy's Law for water flow, have been identified;

Mechanism

Darcy's Law condition not satisfied
Streaming potential gives rise to counter current Flow The porous media is inert

Quasi-crystalline arrangement of water molecules

The displacing fluid behaviour is Newtonian

The porous media is inert
Non-Newtonian behaviour
 The displacing fluid behaviour is Newtonian
Geometric rearrangement of the pore matrix (movement of fines) The pore geometry is stable

Electro-chemical forces at the grain-water interface could have a role in all these mechanisms.

The book 'Introduction - Colloid and Surface Chemistry' by Duncan J Shaw is a useful reference for those wishing to develop their knowledge in this area.

Galileo

Born 1564, Died 1642

of whom Stephn Hawkings says;

"... perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science."

His views on the  the motion of the universe were condemned by the Roman Catholic church as heresy

In 1971 a hammer and feather were dropped on the Lunar surface by commander of Apollo 15, David Scott.

They fall together and Scott observes "This proves that Mr Galileo was correct"

Finally in 1992 Pope John Paul II endorses Galileo's philosophy